Understanding Reactivity in Dogs: What It Means and How to Help
- Katie Burroughs
- May 9
- 3 min read
If you've ever seen a dog barking, growling, or pulling on the lead when another dog walks by, you've likely witnessed what's commonly referred to as reactivity. It’s a term that’s often misunderstood, but it’s a very common behaviour issue.
What Is Reactivity?
Reactivity doesn't necessarily mean aggression. A reactive dog is simply one that has an exaggerated response to certain triggers, most often other dogs. That response might look like barking, lunging, or growling, but it doesn’t always mean the dog wants to fight. Some dogs are frustrated or overexcited, while others may be anxious or fearful of unfamiliar dogs.
In fact, some reactive dogs may behave very differently when off-lead or given the freedom to greet another dog in their own time. They might bark and lunge at a distance, but once allowed to interact calmly, they can be perfectly friendly.
Why Does Reactivity Happen In Dogs?
There are many possible causes for reactivity. Lack of early or inappropriate socialisation, bad experiences with other dogs, or simply high arousal levels can all contribute. In some cases, underlying medical issues may also be a factor, which is why a vet check is a good first step.
Each dog is different, and understanding the root of their reactivity is essential to helping them feel more secure and relaxed in social settings.
What to Do if Your Dog Is Reactive?
Thankfully, there are effective strategies to help manage and reduce reactivity:
Consult a Professional
A qualified dog trainer or behaviourist can assess your dog’s specific triggers and create a tailored plan for you. Reactivity isn't a one-size-fits-all issue, so expert guidance is invaluable.
Rule Out Medical Issues
Pain, discomfort, or neurological issues can cause behaviour changes. Before assuming it’s a behavioural problem, schedule a vet check to ensure your dog is physically healthy.
Use a Preference Test
What motivates your dog? Food, toys, praise? Finding the most valuable reward will help in your training sessions and ensure your dog stays focused and engaged.
Start in a Quiet, Controlled Environment
Begin your training in a calm, low distraction setting. Ideally, work with a calm, well-socialised dog that you or your trainer know. This helps prevent sudden surprises and sets your dog up for success right from the start.
Start at a Distance
Always begin training at a distance where your dog is aware of the trigger (another dog) but still able to remain calm. If your dog is reacting, you’re likely too close, create more space until they can focus on you instead.
Timing Is Everything
The goal is to reward your dog before they bark or react. Watch for early signs of tension, like a fixed gaze or stiff body posture, and mark and reward them for staying calm. This teaches them that seeing another dog means good things happen.
Gradually Close the Gap
As your dog becomes more comfortable, you can slowly decrease the distance between them and other dogs. Be patient and go at your dog’s pace, rushing can undo progress.
Reactivity can feel overwhelming, but it’s a common and manageable issue. With patience, consistency, and the right support, most dogs can learn to feel more comfortable in the presence of their triggers. Remember: your dog isn’t being “bad”, they’re just communicating the only way they know how. Your job is to listen, support, and guide them toward better coping skills.
If you would like further support with your reactive dog, please do not hesitate to get in touch with me at https://www.ktbdogtrainer.co.uk/. I provide both in person session for people in and around the Swindon area or virtual sessions.
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